Antibiotics: What They Are and How They Work

Antibiotics are medicines that fight bacteria causing infections. Unlike antiviral drugs or antifungals, antibiotics target specific bacteria to stop them from growing or kill them outright. You've probably heard about antibiotics for infections like strep throat or urinary tract infections, but it helps to understand why and how they're used correctly.

They don't work for viral infections such as colds or the flu, so taking them when not needed won't help and can actually cause problems.

When to Use Antibiotics and Getting It Right

Doctors usually prescribe antibiotics when they confirm a bacterial infection or strongly suspect one. Using antibiotics only when necessary keeps them effective. Taking them unnecessarily can lead to resistance, where bacteria no longer respond to treatment. That makes future infections harder to treat.

Always follow the prescribed dose and finish the entire course, even if you feel better earlier. Stopping too soon might leave some bacteria alive, which can bounce back stronger.

Staying Safe with Antibiotics

Like any medicine, antibiotics can have side effects—some common ones include stomach upset, diarrhea, or yeast infections. Allergic reactions are less common but can be serious, so notify your doctor immediately if you experience rash, trouble breathing, or swelling after taking antibiotics.

Also, be careful about drug interactions. Some antibiotics can affect how other medicines work or increase side effects. Tell your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you're taking to avoid problems.

Finally, never share antibiotics with others or use leftover pills from a past illness. The right antibiotic choice and correct use ensure the best chance to clear infection and protect your health.